Japanese planners
Hobonichi Techo
Contributors: Journalwright Studio contributors. These docs and the guide are CC0 1.0, a public domain dedication. Code is MIT.
This is research and design reference, not medical or mental health advice. If you are in crisis, contact local emergency services or a crisis line.
A one-page-per-day Japanese planner that people use as a diary, scrapbook, schedule and "Life Book". Grid paper, a thin timeline, a daily quote and a lot of open space. This doc covers every edition, the page anatomy, the paper, the culture around it and what Journalwright Studio can borrow.
Facts checked on the official Hobonichi site (1101.com) on 2026-09-28 unless marked otherwise. The 2027 lineup went on sale on 1 September 2026, so some pages describe 2026 books and some 2027. Where they differ, both are given. "Uncertain" marks anything that sources disagree on or that I couldn't confirm.
1. At a glance
| Creator | Hobo Nikkan Itoi Shinbun ("Hobonichi"), the company of copywriter Shigesato Itoi |
|---|---|
| Year | First edition: the 2002 Techo, released 5 October 2001 |
| Type | Dated planner used as a journal. A physical product plus a loose usage culture, not a formal "system" |
| Time per day | 1–15 minutes typical. A line under the date takes one minute; a decorated page can take an hour |
| Time per week | 0–30 minutes (optional weekly pages in Cousin, Weeks and HON A5) |
| Cost | Books about ¥2,420–¥6,600 in Japan for 2027 (roughly US$16–45 before shipping). Covers ¥1,320 to over ¥40,000 |
| Formats | Original (A6), Cousin (A5), Planner (A6, English), Weeks (wallet), Day-Free (A6/A5), HON (hardcover A6/A5), 5-Year Techo (A6/A5), avec (half-year two-book sets) |
| Sizes | A6 105 × 148 mm; A5 148 × 210 mm; Weeks 95 × 186 mm |
| Best for | People who like a fixed daily page; memory keepers; sticker and collage fans; fountain pen users |
| Not ideal for | People who skip days and feel guilty about blanks; heavy pressure writers; anyone who needs thick paper for paint or markers |
| Learning curve | Very low. Open to today, write. Features reveal themselves over the year |
| Supplies | The book. Optional: cover, fine pen (0.3–0.5 mm), washi tape, stickers, glue stick, stamps |
| Official site | https://www.1101.com/store/techo/en/ |
| Evidence level | None for the product itself. Anecdotal plus some studies on related practices (daily recording, expressive writing, rediscovery of the ordinary) |
2. Summary
The Hobonichi Techo is a dated, lay-flat planner printed on very thin Tomoe River paper, with one page for each day of the year, a faint grid, a small timeline and a quote from the Hobonichi website at the foot of every page. It was made by a Tokyo web publisher in 2001 as "the best techo in the world" for its own readers, and each year the team revises it from user feedback. It has no rules. The company's line is that "for every hundred users, the Hobonichi Techo has a hundred different ways to use it", and the hoped-for result is a "Life Book": a year of your life in a book that exists nowhere else. Around it has grown a large international culture of covers, stickers, washi tape, "hobo" journaling and yearly shelf rows. For Journalwright Studio the lessons are the page anatomy (grid, secret line, daily line, mini calendar), the permission to leave pages half-empty, and the idea that the book is a calm container rather than a productivity system.
3. History and origin
Who made it
- Shigesato Itoi (born 10 November 1948) is a Japanese copywriter, essayist and lyricist. In the 1980s he made advertising copywriting a known profession in Japan. Outside Japan he's best known as the creator of Nintendo's Mother games (EarthBound).
- On 6 June 1998 he started the website Hobo Nikkan Itoi Shinbun, "Almost Daily Itoi Newspaper". The "almost" is deliberate: he said daily updates would be too much pressure. He still writes a daily essay there.
- The company earns money from goods, not ads or subscriptions. The Techo is its biggest product. Hobonichi Co. listed on the Tokyo stock market in 2017 (the official timeline puts this under the 2018 edition's year).
- The late Nintendo president Satoru Iwata was credited as the site's "IT manager" from the start.
Timeline (from the official history page)
| Edition | Released | Copies | What changed |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2002 | 5 Oct 2001 | 12,000 | First Techo. A6, one page a day, Tomoe River paper, navy nylon cover, lay-flat binding, daily quotes, bonus pages |
| 2003 | 16 Oct 2002 | 18,000 | Four cover colours; "butterfly clasp" pen holder |
| 2004 | 29 Sep 2003 | 30,000 | Leather covers; the secret line (vertical divider) appears on daily pages |
| 2005 | 7 Sep 2004 | 70,000 | Cover on Cover (clear overlay); sold at Loft stores |
| 2006 | 7 Sep 2005 | 70,000 | Monthly calendar added; first guidebook; "Happy Nothing Special Day!" slogan |
| 2007 | 7 Sep 2006 | 230,000 | Patterned fabric-look covers; one-year "wallet techo" experiment |
| 2008 | 1 Sep 2007 | 250,000 | Two-tone covers; new logo |
| 2009 | 1 Sep 2008 | 280,000 | Cousin (A5) launched. Designer Taku Satoh refines the design. Grid shrunk to 3.45 mm. Sunday-start option |
| 2010 | 1 Sep 2009 | 350,000 | Grid settled at 3.7 mm after user surveys |
| 2011 | 1 Sep 2010 | 400,000 | Weeks (wallet size) launched with a 3.45 mm grid. The "white line" grid look |
| 2012 | 1 Sep 2011 | 460,000 | Zipper covers |
| 2013 | 1 Sep 2012 | 480,000 | Planner (English A6, with Sonya Park of Arts&Science) with a 4 mm grid "for international languages". Rounded page corners |
| 2014 | 1 Sep 2013 | 500,000 | 98 cover designs |
| 2015 | 1 Sep 2014 | 550,000 | avec half-year two-book sets. Itoi coins "Life Book" |
| 2016 | 1 Sep 2015 | 610,000 | First user meetups; #hobonichi grows on Instagram |
| 2017 | 1 Sep 2016 | 680,000 | "Meeting Caravan"; a "Traveling Hobonichi" passed between 36 users worldwide |
| 2018 | 1 Sep 2017 | 780,000 | 5-Year Techo (2018–2022), released December 2017 |
| 2019 | 1 Sep 2018 | 850,000 | Weeks MEGA (about three times the memo pages); sales in China |
| 2020 | 1 Sep 2019 | 750,000 | Day-Free monthly-plus-notebook book |
| 2021 | 1 Sep 2020 | 740,000 | 20th anniversary; 14 book types |
| 2022 | 1 Sep 2021 | 720,000 | Company moves to Kanda, Tokyo |
| 2023 | 1 Sep 2022 | 820,000 | HON (hardcover); English Cousin and English Weeks |
| 2024 | 1 Sep 2023 | 900,000 | English Original; paper changes to Tomoe River S (Sanzen) |
| 2025 | 1 Sep 2024 | 960,000 | About 300 cover types, the biggest lineup |
| 2026 | 1 Sep 2025 | 1,140,000+ | Hobonichi Techo app launched |
| 2027 | 1 Sep 2026 | not yet published | Store at Tokyo Station; Moomin Weeks with custom inside pages; 21 book types |
Cultural context
- "Techo" (手帳) is the Japanese word for a pocket planner or notebook. Japan has a strong planner culture: stationers sell dated books every autumn, and planners are gifts.
- The Techo grew with the web. Hobonichi's readers asked for it, tested it and sent feedback, and the book changed every year in response. That loop, plus Instagram from about 2015, turned it into an international product.
- English-speaking fans call it a "hobo" and the practice "hobo journaling" or "hobonichi journaling".
Key quotes (from official pages)
- "For every hundred users, the Hobonichi Techo has a hundred different ways to use it."
- "Once the year is over, you'll have a book jam-packed with your Life, in a Book that exists nowhere else in the world."
- "How you use it and what you write in it is entirely up to you."
- The early team "joked that they wanted to make the best techo in the world".
- "Happy Nothing Special Day!" (company slogan from the 2006 edition on).
4. Philosophy and principles
- The book serves the person. No required method. Schedule, diary, sketchbook, scrapbook or all at once.
- One page per day is a promise, not a demand. The page is there whether you fill it or not. Many users treat a blank page as a valid record of a day.
- The ordinary is worth keeping. "Happy Nothing Special Day" and the daily quotes celebrate small days. This matches later research on the value of rediscovering mundane moments (see section 16).
- Physical quality lowers friction. Thin paper keeps a whole year under 200 g (Original). Lay-flat binding means no holding the page down. Rounded corners stop dog-ears. The grid is faint so it guides without shouting.
- Iterate from feedback. Grid size, the secret line, the timeline and bonus pages all changed because users asked. The 3.7 mm grid was "developed through testing for optimal Japanese writing while remaining comfortable for any language".
- Reading as well as writing. "The techo is fun to write in, but thanks to its daily quotes it's also fun to read."
- Problem it solves: a planner that's too rigid to journal in, or a blank notebook that's too open to keep up. The Techo gives a date and a little structure, then gets out of the way.
5. Core components
| Element | Where | What it is |
|---|---|---|
| Yearly index | Front | 16 months on 8 pages (Dec–Mar), one line per day |
| Yearly calendars | Front | Spreads for last, this and next year |
| Monthly calendars | Before each month (or grouped at front) | Grid-backed month spread with week numbers and moon phases |
| Weekly pages | Cousin, HON A5, Weeks | Week on a spread (Cousin/HON A5) or 7 rows + memo (Weeks) |
| Daily pages | Original, Cousin, Planner, HON | One page a day with date, to-do boxes, timeline, secret line, quote |
| Grid | Every page | 3.7 mm (most daily pages), 3.45 mm (A6 monthly), 3.55 mm (Weeks, per 2026 guide), 4 mm (Planner) |
| Time axis | Daily/weekly | Hour marks down the left; Cousin runs 5 a.m. to 4 a.m. |
| Secret line | Daily/Day-Free/Weeks | Faint vertical line splitting header from details |
| Daily quote | Foot of page | Line from the Hobonichi website archive |
| Moon phase + day count | Daily header | Moon icon and day-of-year number |
| Mini calendar | Bottom right of spreads | The current month in small type |
| Month tabs | Page edge | Coloured tabs, like a dictionary |
| Memo pages | Back | Blank grid pages (count varies) |
| Bonus pages | Back | Favourites, My 100, Memories, gift log, addresses, focus and sleep tips, and more |
| Serial number | Inside back cover | Unique to each book |
| Cover / Cover on Cover | Outside | Optional cover; clear overlay to trap photos or stickers |
Yearly index
Eight pages hold 16 months (December of the previous year to March of the next). Each day gets one line. People use it for birthdays, a one-word summary, or a habit mark. It's the fastest way to see a whole year.
Monthly calendars
A month spread with grid-filled day boxes, week numbers and moon phases. The Japanese books add rokuyō (traditional six-day cycle) and national holidays. The Planner adds a "Coming Up!" page at the start of each month. On the A6 books the month grid is 3.45 mm, slightly tighter than the daily 3.7 mm.
Weekly pages
- Cousin and HON A5: a week on a two-page spread, a timeline from 5 a.m. to 4 a.m. the next day, half-hour lines, and a mini calendar. The Original has no weekly pages.
- Weeks: left page has seven day rows, each split by a "2-dot timeline" into three parts. Right page is blank grid for notes. Monday start.
Daily pages
The core of the Techo. Details in section 9.
The grid
The grid is printed in a pale colour and meant to be ignored or used. History matters here because fans argue about it: 3.45 mm in 2009, 3.7 mm from 2010 for Japanese books, 4 mm for the English Planner since 2013. The English Original and English Cousin use the Japanese 3.7 mm grid. Weeks' grid is listed as 3.55 mm on the 2026 guide; the history page says Weeks launched in 2011 with 3.45 mm. Uncertain: whether Weeks changed or the two pages measure differently.
Time axis
A column of hour marks with dots or short lines. Original and Cousin run a full 24 hours (Cousin labels 5 a.m. to 4 a.m. so late nights stay on the same page). The Planner instead has a single 12:00 line splitting morning and afternoon, with more space for the afternoon, and a fork-and-knife icon for dinner.
Secret line
A faint vertical line a few squares in from the left. It began in 2004. People use the narrow side for times, icons, or bullets, and the wide side for text. It's easy to ignore.
Daily quote
One line at the foot of each page, chosen from the Hobonichi website's archive of essays and interviews. In Japanese books there's one per day; in the English Cousin one per two days (translated); the Planner includes quotes from Sonya Park too. Many users read the quote before writing, like a tiny prompt.
Moon phase and day count
The header shows a moon icon (filled or empty) and the day of the year, such as "123/365".
Mini calendar
A small current-month calendar sits in the bottom right corner of each spread, so you can see the week without flipping.
Month tabs
Coloured tabs on the page edge (12 colours in the Original; charcoal and red in the Planner) help you open to a month.
Memo pages
Blank grid pages at the back. Counts vary widely: Original has about 15 in the full-year book; Cousin 6; Weeks 71 (Japanese) to 219 (Weeks MEGA English); Planner 14 dotted memo pages.
Bonus pages (back of book)
On the 2026 Original: two weekly timetables, a graph tracking sheet, Favorites (five-star rankings), My 100 (a list of 100 things), Memories 2026, 12 Focus Switches, sleep tips, address book (6 entries), personal notes, gifts log (17 entries), and a "Getting the most of Hobonichi" guide. Japanese books add solar terms, emergency preparedness, a conversion table and an age table. The Planner has its own set: Important Contacts, International Size Charts, Ultimate Packing List, My 100, Memories, short essays (mochi, Shinkansen) and Personal Notes.
Serial number
Printed inside the back cover. Fans treat it as a mark that this book is one of a kind.
Covers
The book is a soft paper-covered block. Covers are sold separately (except HON, Planner and 5-Year, which come covered). Covers have pen loops, pockets and a clasp. The "Cover on Cover" is a clear sleeve to trap art.
6. Setting it up
First setup (30–60 minutes, optional)
- Pick a type. Want room to write every day? Original (A6) or Cousin (A5). Want to carry it? Weeks. Skip days often? Day-Free or Weeks. Want five years in one? 5-Year Techo.
- Pick a start. January or April start (April suits Japan's school and work year). English books are January.
- Fill the yearly index. Birthdays, paydays, known appointments. One line each.
- Fill the monthly pages you can see now: fixed events, bills, refills.
- Choose one or two back pages to start (for example Favorites or My 100). Ignore the rest.
- Decide what one page means for you. A simple rule helps: "top: plans, middle: what happened, bottom: one good thing". Write it on the inside cover.
- Test pens on the last memo page. Note bleed and drying time.
- Optional: tape a pocket or envelope to the back cover for receipts, stickers and tickets.
First day
- Write the one line of what happened. Add one thing you're glad about. Read the quote.
- Leave the rest blank. Blank is fine.
First week
- Days 1–3: one line and one sticker or doodle if you like.
- Day 4: try the time axis for one day (when you woke, ate, worked, slept).
- Day 7: flip back. Mark the yearly index with one word per day. Notice what you actually used.
- End of week: decide whether to keep the time axis, keep to-dos, or just write.
7. Daily practice
A calm order of operations that takes 3–10 minutes:
- Open to today. Use the month tab and ribbon (HON and 5-Year have ribbons; other books use a cover bookmark).
- Read the quote at the bottom. It's a warm-up, not homework.
- Morning (1 min, optional): 1–3 to-dos in the checkboxes at the top; one appointment on the time axis.
- During the day: jot times, tape a receipt or ticket, stick a small sticker for mood or weather.
- Evening (2–8 min): write what happened in the wide area right of the secret line. Use the narrow strip for times or icons.
- Close: one line in the yearly index; tick the mini calendar if you track streaks.
Prompts that fit one page:
- What did I eat, see and hear today?
- What made today a "nothing special" good day?
- What do I want to remember about someone today?
- One sentence to future me.
Timing tip: many users write the next morning. The page still belongs to the day it describes.
8. Rhythms
- Weekly: Cousin/HON A5/Weeks users plan the week on the weekly spread (Sunday night or Monday morning). Others just flip back through seven pages and highlight one thing.
- Monthly: fill next month's calendar; add stickers or a photo to the monthly spread; write a month summary in the margin or a memo page; empty the back pocket and paste keepers in.
- Quarterly: April-start users switch books in April. avec users swap books at July.
- Yearly: new lineup goes on sale around 1 September; December is "set-up season" (many users post setups). At year end, fill Memories and Favorites, number the spine, and shelve the book. Many users keep every year in a row.
- Index upkeep: the yearly index doubles as a table of contents. Some users also note "see p. xx" pages on the memo pages.
- Archiving: thin paper swells with glue and tape. Many users switch to avec for heavy collage so each book stays closeable.
9. Page anatomy
Measurements are approximate and drawn to show position, not exact scale.
Original (A6, 105 × 148 mm), daily page, 3.7 mm grid
+--------------------------------------+ <- tab on edge (month colour)
| 2027 5 MAY WED ● 125/365 | date, weekday, moon, day count
| [ ] ______ [ ] ______ [ ] ______ | to-do boxes
|--------------------------------------|
| 0 . | |
| . | |
| 6 . | free grid (3.7 mm) |
| . | |
|12 . | |
| . | | secret line = faint vertical
|18 . | | a few squares from the left
| . | |
|24 . | |
|--------------------------------------|
| "Daily quote from the Hobonichi |
| archive, one or two lines." | [mini cal]
+--------------------------------------+
Grid about 28 × 40 squares on the page.
Cousin (A5, 148 × 210 mm), daily page
+----------------------------------------------------+
| 5 WED MAY 2027 ○ 125/365 |
| [ ]________ [ ]________ [ ]________ [ ]________ |
|----------------------------------------------------|
| 5 | |
| 6 | |
| 7 | |
| . | free grid 3.7 mm, about 40 × 56 |
| . | |
|24 | |
| 1 | |
|...| |
| 4 | |
|----------------------------------------------------|
| daily quote [mini cal] |
+----------------------------------------------------+
Time axis runs 5 a.m. to 4 a.m. next day, dots for hours, lines for :30.
Cousin / HON A5 weekly spread
+-------------------------+-------------------------+
| MAY week 19 | |
| MON TUE WED THU | FRI SAT SUN memo |
| 5 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| . | | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | [mini cal] |
+-------------------------+-------------------------+
Planner (English A6), daily page, 4 mm grid
+--------------------------------------+
| MAY 5 WED week 19 ● 125/365 |
|--------------------------------------|
| morning (smaller) |
| |
|- - - - - - - - 12:00 - - - - - - - - | noon line
| afternoon (larger) |
| |
| (fork) | dinner icon (fork and knife)
|--------------------------------------|
| quote (Hobonichi or Sonya Park) |
+--------------------------------------+
Grid 4 mm, about 26 × 37 squares.
Weeks (95 × 186 mm), weekly spread
+------------------+------------------+
| MAY 2027 wk 19 | |
| 3 MON . . | |
|------------------| |
| 4 TUE . . | blank grid |
|------------------| (3.55 mm per |
| 5 WED . . | 2026 guide) |
|------------------| |
| 6 THU . . | |
|------------------| |
| 7 FRI . . | |
|------------------| |
| 8 SAT . . | |
|------------------| |
| 9 SUN . . | |
| quote [mini cal]| |
+------------------+------------------+
". ." = the 2-dot timeline splitting each day into three.
Monthly calendar (A6, 3.45 mm grid)
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
| 5 MAY 2027 | |
| wk MON TUE WED THU | FRI SAT SUN |
| 18 [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] | [ ] [ ] [ ] |
| 19 [ ] [ ] [● ] [ ] | [ ] [ ] [ ] |
| 20 ... | |
| each day box is filled with faint grid |
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
Yearly index (8 pages, 16 months)
+---------------------------------------+
| DEC | JAN |
| 1 ___________ | 1 ___________ |
| 2 ___________ | 2 ___________ |
| ... | ... |
| 31 __________ | 31 __________ |
+---------------------------------------+
Two months per page, one line per day.
Day-Free notebook page (3.7 mm)
+--------------------------------------+
| ____ / ____ (write your own date) |
| | |
| | grid, white border |
| | |
| | secret line on the left |
| | |
| words from the Hobonichi site |
+--------------------------------------+
5-Year Techo spread (see five-year-diary.md for detail)
+--------------------------+--------------------------+
| MAY 5 | |
| 2027 WED ____________ | |
|---------------------- | blank 3.7 mm grid |
| 2028 FRI ____________ | for the same date |
|---------------------- | |
| 2029 SAT ____________ | |
|---------------------- | |
| 2030 SUN ____________ | |
|---------------------- | |
| 2031 MON ____________ | |
| quote | |
+--------------------------+--------------------------+
10. Worked examples
Sample data only. Not a real person.
A filled day (Original)
+--------------------------------------+
| 2027 5 MAY WED ○ 125/365 |
| [x] refill meds [x] call Ana [ ] rent |
|--------------------------------------|
| 6 . | woke 6:20, rain |
| 7 . | bus 7:40 (late, fine) |
| 8 . | shift 8-4 | lilacs by the gate |
|12 . | lunch: rice + egg |
|16 . | home. tired, spoons 2/5 |
|18 . | soup. Ana called, laughed a lot |
|20 . | [sticker: small cloud] |
|22 . | bed 22:10 |
| | Good thing: lilac smell at gate |
|--------------------------------------|
| "quote about noticing small things" |
+--------------------------------------+
Yearly index, May 5: "lilacs, Ana called"
A week (Weeks)
| 3 MON . . | work 8-4. quiet. walk after. |
| 4 TUE . . | day off. laundry. library book. |
| 5 WED . . | rain. Ana called. lilacs. |
| 6 THU . . | tired. early bed. |
| 7 FRI . . | pay day. groceries. new pen. |
| 8 SAT . . | park w/ Sam. sunburn (note: hat) |
| 9 SUN . . | slow day. plan next week. |
Right page: next week: dentist Tue 2pm; buy hat; 3 good things: Ana, lilacs, new pen.
A month (monthly spread + memo page)
MAY 2027
wk MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN
18 3 work 4 off 5 rain 6 7 pay 8 park 9
19 10 work 11 dent. 12 13 14 15 16
20 17 18 19 refill 20 21 22 bday 23
21 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
22 31
Memo page, "May in one breath": rain, lilacs, two good calls, new pen, sunburn,
dentist done. Next month: hat, water bottle, rest days on Sundays.
11. Variations and offshoots
| Variant | Who | How it differs |
|---|---|---|
| Original (A6) | Hobonichi, 2001 | The base book. Daily pages, no weekly |
| Cousin (A5) | Hobonichi, 2009 | Twice the page area; adds weekly spreads; 5 a.m.–4 a.m. timeline |
| Planner (English A6) | Hobonichi with Sonya Park (Arts&Science), 2012 | 4 mm grid, week numbers, noon line, dinner icon, own bonus pages, Monday start only |
| English Original / Cousin / Weeks | Hobonichi, 2022–2023 | Japanese layout in English; no Japanese holidays or lunisolar dates |
| Weeks / Weeks MEGA | Hobonichi, 2010 / 2018 | Wallet shape, weekly horizontal, many memo pages |
| avec | Hobonichi, 2014 | Original or Cousin split into Jan–Jun and Jul–Dec books |
| Day-Free | Hobonichi, 2019 | Undated grid notebook with monthly calendars; about 171 grid pages; Japanese only |
| HON | Hobonichi, 2022 | Hardcover version with attached cover, ribbon; A6 and A5 |
| 5-Year Techo | Hobonichi, 2017 | Five years per date. See five-year-diary.md |
| Techo app | Hobonichi, 2025 | Digital companion (2026 edition year) |
| Collaboration editions | Hobonichi with licensors | ONE PIECE magazine book (2023 on), Moomin Weeks (2027) with custom inside pages |
| "Hobo-style" in other notebooks | Community | People draw the daily page into Midori MD, Stalogy or Traveler's notebooks |
| Jibun Techo, Stalogy 365, Kokuyo DAYs | Other Japanese makers | Competing one-page-a-day or life-log books; not Hobonichi |
12. Community practice
- Where: Instagram (#hobonichi, #hobonichitecho), X, YouTube "set-up" and "flip-through" videos, Reddit (r/hobonichi), Facebook groups, official meetups since 2016.
- What people actually do:
- Life log: one entry per day, often written the next morning.
- Memory keeping: receipts, tickets, photos (thin paper takes glue sticks well).
- "Hobo journaling": decorated pages with stickers, washi tape, stamps and handwriting. A whole genre of sticker sheets sized for A6 and A5 exists.
- Food diaries, reading logs, fandom pages, art-a-day.
- Planning: Cousin weeklies for schedules, daily pages for notes.
- Two-book setups: Weeks to plan, Original to journal.
- Common customisations: washi tape tabs (an official tip), paste-in pages from the official "Download City", a clear Cover on Cover filled with art, pen loops, highlighters in matching colours.
- Aesthetic camp: full-page collages, planned colour themes, sticker kits, monthly cover pages.
- Minimalist camp: black pen only, one or two lines, the yearly index as a habit log, no decoration.
- Recurring debates: Tomoe River S versus the old paper; whether the quotes are worth the space; whether A6 is too small; the guilt of blank pages (the usual answer: "blank is a record too").
13. Official products and formats
| Type | Size (cover) | Pages | Grid | Languages | Start | 2027 book price (Japan) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Original | 105 × 148 mm, ~195 g | 464 (avec 240 each) | 3.7 mm daily, 3.45 mm monthly | JA, EN, Simplified Chinese | Jan or Apr (EN Jan) | ¥2,860 |
| Cousin | 148 × 210 mm, ~445 g | 544 (avec 288 each) | 3.7 mm | JA, EN | Jan or Apr (EN Jan) | ¥4,620 |
| Planner | 105 × 148 mm, ~190 g | 365 daily + bonus | 4 mm | EN | Jan, Monday start | ¥3,410 |
| Weeks / MEGA | 95 × 186 mm, ~130 g | 71–219 memo pages | 3.55 mm (2026 guide) | JA, EN | JA Jan/Apr, EN Jan | ¥2,860–¥3,740 |
| Day-Free | A6 or A5, 8 mm thick | 240 (A6) / 224 (A5) | 3.7 mm | JA | Undated notebook; A6 calendar Dec–Mar | ¥2,420 / ¥3,520 |
| HON | A6 110 × 156 mm; A5 152 × 214 mm | varies | 3.7 mm | JA, EN | Jan | ¥3,300–¥4,290 / ¥5,280–¥6,380 |
| 5-Year | A6 113 × 153 mm; A5 156 × 214 mm; 25 mm | 752 | 3.7 mm | JA | Jan | ¥4,620 / ¥6,600 |
- Paper: Tomoe River (Tomoegawa) until the 2023 books; Tomoe River S (Sanzen Paper) from the 2024 books. Hobonichi describes the new paper as lighter at the same thickness, more bleed-resistant and with a crisper surface; books became "a little over 5%" lighter on average. Test sheets shipped with 2023 books. Weeks switched on a later schedule (uncertain: one source says April-start 2024, another says 2025).
- Binding: thread-stitched to open flat at 180°; rounded corners.
- Where sold: Hobonichi online store (ships worldwide), Loft and Tokyu Hands in Japan, the Tokyo Station store, Amazon Japan, and resellers (JetPens, others). Prices outside Japan are higher.
- Release cycle: the new lineup goes on sale on or about 1 September each year; April-start books follow. Covers are limited and many sell out.
- Price notes: yen prices are from the 2027 lineup page. Exchange rates move; treat US$ conversions as rough.
14. Tools and supplies
- Pens: fine gel (0.3–0.5 mm), fine rollerball, fountain pens with fine or extra-fine nibs. The thin paper shows ghosting (you can see writing from the other side) but resists bleed-through. Test first.
- Avoid or test: alcohol markers (bleed), heavy watercolour (cockles the page), very broad nibs (slow to dry).
- Paper weight: Tomoe River papers are very light (the old paper was often quoted at 52 g/m² for the Techo weight; uncertain for Tomoe River S). That's why a 464-page book weighs under 200 g.
- Stickers and washi: thin stickers stay flat; puffy ones make the book bulge. Washi tape works as tabs.
- Stamps: small rubber stamps with dye ink; pigment ink dries slower.
- Glue: glue sticks or double-sided tape; wet glue wrinkles the paper.
- Rulers and stencils: a 10 cm clear ruler fits A6 covers; the grid makes rulers mostly optional.
- Covers: add weight but hold pens and papers. Many use none.
- Back pocket or envelope: for keepsakes to paste later.
15. Digital and hybrid versions
- Hobonichi Techo app (launched with the 2026 editions): a digital journal companion. An official tip says it "is helpful for journal writing". Uncertain: exact features and export options; check before relying on it.
- Download City: official free printable pages and covers to print and tape in.
- Templates: GoodNotes and Notability "hobo-style" daily templates from third-party sellers; PDF planners with 3.7 mm grids.
- E-ink: reMarkable, Kindle Scribe and Boox users import hobo-style PDFs. The A6 page fits a small screen well, but the thin-paper feel, stickers and collage are lost.
- Scanning: thin paper shows the reverse side when scanned; put a black sheet behind the page to cut show-through. Flat-bed or phone scanner apps work because the book lies flat.
- Lost vs paper: tactility, pasted keepsakes, the object on the shelf, the calm of no screen. Gained: search, backup, photos, no weight.
16. Evidence and research
No studies test the Hobonichi Techo itself. Related research:
| Study | Sample | Finding | Strength and limits |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zhang, Kim, Brooks, Gino and Norton (2014), Psychological Science 25(10) | Study 1: 135 students making time capsules; plus online and lab studies | People underestimate how interesting and meaningful rediscovering ordinary experiences will be; ordinary moments became "more extraordinary" later | Good design, short time frames (months), student and online samples. Supports recording small daily things |
| Pennebaker and Beall (1986), reviewed in Baikie and Wilhelm (2005) | Students writing 15 min on 4 days | Writing about upsetting events linked to better health months later | Expressive writing, not diary logging; effects small; some groups worse |
| Frattaroli (2006), Psychological Bulletin meta-analysis | 146 randomized studies | Average effect r = 0.075, positive and significant | Small effect; about disclosure writing, not planners |
| Wagenaar (1986), Cognitive Psychology | One person, 2,400 events over 6 years | Recording what, who, where and when; "when" was the weakest recall cue; pleasant and salient events remembered better | Single subject. Shows diaries preserve what memory drops |
Claimed vs supported: Claims that the Techo "reduces stress" or "improves productivity" have no direct evidence. The supported, modest claim is that writing down ordinary days creates records people enjoy more than they expect, and dates are exactly the detail memory loses first.
17. Benefits
- A dated page each day makes starting easy. (claimed)
- Records of ordinary days are more valued later than expected. (evidenced: Zhang et al. 2014)
- Dates and details are the first things memory drops; a diary keeps them. (evidenced: Wagenaar 1986, single subject)
- Short expressive writing can give small health and mood benefits. (evidenced, small: Frattaroli 2006)
- A light, flat book gets used more because it's easy to carry. (claimed)
- Freedom from rules suits people put off by strict systems. (claimed)
- Collage and stickers make journaling playful and less word-heavy. (claimed)
- The yearly index gives a whole-year view in minutes. (claimed)
- A row of books becomes a personal archive. (claimed)
18. Pitfalls
| Problem | Fix |
|---|---|
| Blank-page guilt after missed days | Decide "blank = rest day". Or draw a single line or dot. Or switch to Weeks or Day-Free |
| Pages feel too big to fill | Use only the top third; write one line; use A6 not A5 |
| Pages feel too small | Cousin, or add the Day-Free alongside |
| Book bulges from stickers and tape | Use avec, thin stickers, or paste only in the back |
| Ghosting bothers you | Use fine gel ink; write only on one side for art days |
| Cost creep (covers, stickers) | Set a yearly budget; use the book with no cover |
| Comparing to Instagram spreads | Follow minimalist accounts; remember most users post their best pages |
| April-start confusion | Pick one start and keep it for a year |
| Fountain pens drying slowly on Tomoe River S | Blotting sheet in the cover; finer nib; dry-faster inks |
| Stopping mid-year | Restart on today's page. Don't back-fill unless you want to |
19. Accessibility and adaptations
- ADHD: keep supplies in the cover; one-line minimum; set the book open on the table; use stickers as low-effort entries; the yearly index as a streak-free overview. Weeks or Day-Free lower the missed-day guilt.
- Autism and sensory needs: the faint grid and quiet pages are calm; skip busy covers; pre-decide a fixed page layout so there's no daily choice; unscented tape and stickers.
- Chronic illness and low spoons: symptom icons in the narrow strip left of the secret line; one-word days; Weeks for low-energy seasons; lying-down writing works because the book lies flat.
- Depression and anxiety: use the quote as the only reading; "one small good thing" rule; don't reread bad weeks alone; blank is allowed.
- Trauma: don't use pages for detailed trauma writing without support; keep a "safe" last page; covers with a clasp for privacy.
- Dyslexia and dysgraphia: icons, stickers and stamps instead of sentences; voice notes with a date stamp; the grid helps keep lines level; Cousin gives larger space.
- Low vision: Cousin or HON A5; darker, broader pens (but test bleed); the printed grid and quotes are small and low contrast, which is a real barrier. Consider a printed large-grid alternative.
- Motor or hand pain: lay-flat binding helps; A5 on a desk; thick-grip pens; stickers and stamps replace writing.
- Trans and gender-diverse people: a private record of name, pronoun and body milestones; the "Memories" and "My 100" pages can hold euphoria moments. Address book and gift log can hold chosen family.
- Shift workers: the Cousin's 5 a.m.–4 a.m. axis keeps a late shift on one page; write the shift in the header.
- Low income: the Original book alone (no cover) is the cheapest; Day-Free is cheaper still; or print hobo-style pages on plain paper.
20. Comparison
| Hobonichi Techo | Bullet Journal | Jibun Techo | Five-year diary | Plain lined diary | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Structure | Dated page per day, faint grid | Blank dot grid, you build logs | Dated weekly vertical + life lists | Five short entries per date | None |
| Time per day | 1–15 min | 5–15 min | 5–10 min | 1–3 min | any |
| Rules | none | a method with a key | life-log framing | one entry per date | none |
| Memory value | high | medium | high | very high (year over year) | high |
| Portability | high (A6, thin paper) | medium | medium | medium (thick) | varies |
| Cost | ¥2,420–¥6,600 book | any notebook | similar to Hobonichi | US$15–45 | low |
| Best for | memory keeping, collage | task planning | life planning | habit of reflection | long writing |
21. Combining
- With a five-year diary: use the Techo for detail and the five-year book for one line. See five-year-diary.md.
- With a bullet journal key: use bullets and signifiers in the narrow strip left of the secret line (sibling doc:
bullet-journal.md, if present). - With gratitude journaling: one "good thing" per day at the foot of the page.
- With habit trackers: mark habits in the yearly index or the back graph tracking sheet.
- With Journalwright Studio: the printed book already carries planning and check-ins; the built-in "Hobonichi" method layout (time blocks, a 4 mm grid, small good things and an "On this day" line at the foot) adds free space and the "nothing special day" mindset.
22. Ready-to-use bank
Headings and prompts:
- One line: what happened today?
- What did I eat, see and hear?
- Small good thing.
- Who did I talk to?
- What would I tell someone who asks "how was your day"?
- Weather, in one word.
- What surprised me?
- Something I noticed outside.
- Today's quote made me think of...
- One sentence to me a year from now.
- What I finished; what can wait.
- A sound or smell to remember.
Trackers and collections (back pages or yearly index):
- My 100: a list of 100 things (foods, songs, places, kind moments).
- Favourites with five stars: books, meals, walks.
- Gifts given and received.
- Monthly "in one breath" summary.
- Sleep and wake times on the time axis.
- Mood dot in the mini calendar.
- Money: one line per spend on the timeline.
- Reading log in memo pages.
- Places visited (tape a ticket).
- First-time things this year.
- Words or phrases I want to keep.
- Memories: top 10 moments of the year (fill in December).
- "Nothing special day" count: days that were just fine.
23. Glossary
- Techo (手帳): Japanese for planner or pocket notebook.
- Hobonichi (ほぼ日): short for Hobo Nikkan Itoi Shinbun, "Almost Daily Itoi Newspaper".
- Original: the A6 daily book.
- Cousin: the A5 daily book with weekly spreads.
- Planner: the English A6 book with a 4 mm grid, made with Arts&Science.
- Weeks / Weeks MEGA: wallet-size weekly books; MEGA has many more memo pages.
- Day-Free: undated grid notebook with monthly calendars.
- HON: hardcover edition ("hon" means book).
- avec: half-year two-book set ("with" in French).
- 5-Year Techo: five-years-per-date book.
- Secret line: faint vertical line on daily pages.
- Time axis: hour marks on daily or weekly pages.
- Daily quote: line from the Hobonichi archive at the foot of each page.
- Yearly index: 16-month one-line-per-day overview.
- Mini calendar: small month calendar on each spread.
- Cover on Cover: clear sleeve over a cover.
- Tomoe River / Tomoe River S: very thin, bleed-resistant paper; S is Sanzen's version from 2024 books.
- Ghosting: writing visible from the other side of thin paper.
- Rokuyō: traditional Japanese six-day cycle printed in Japanese books.
- Life Book: Hobonichi's name for a filled Techo.
- Download City: official free printables.
- Hobo journaling: community term for decorated Techo pages.
- Set-up / flip-through: community videos showing a new or finished book.
24. FAQ
- Which size should I start with? Original (A6) if you write a few lines; Cousin (A5) if you write a lot or plan weekly; Weeks if you want to carry it.
- What's the grid size? 3.7 mm on most daily pages, 3.45 mm on A6 monthly pages, 4 mm in the English Planner, 3.55 mm in Weeks (2026 guide).
- What if I miss days? Leave them blank or draw a line. Blank pages are part of the record.
- English or Japanese edition? English removes Japanese holidays and lunisolar dates and translates quotes. Japanese has more bonus pages and Sunday-start options. The grid is the same except in the Planner.
- Will fountain pens work? Yes with fine nibs; dry time can be longer on Tomoe River S. Test first.
- Do I need a cover? No. The book is usable bare. Covers add pockets, pen loops and weight.
- When does it go on sale? Around 1 September for the next year. Popular covers sell out.
- Is the new paper worse? Hobonichi says it's lighter and more bleed-resistant. Some fountain pen users report slower drying. Try the test sheet or a Day-Free first.
- Can I start mid-year? Yes. Start on today's page. April-start books suit a spring start.
- Is it a journaling method? Not really. It's a book with light structure; the "method" is whatever you do daily.
25. For Journalwright Studio
Journalwright Studio makes printed journals and planners designed in a block editor, with an optional e-ink companion (the X4 companion). This section turns the research above into day page blocks, X4 items and a method layout. A one-click "Hobonichi" method layout already exists in the editor (Moon, sun & season; Time blocks 8–22 every 2 hours; Writing space on a 4 mm grid; Small good things; "On this day" at the foot).
a. Printed book
| Idea | Where | Fit | B&W and scan-zone notes | Built? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faint grid writing area (3.7 mm option alongside 4 mm) | Day page block (Writing space paper option) | high | Light grey grid prints fine on KDP; keep it inside a data-zone; don't let grid reach the 9pt frame | Yes: Writing space paper offers Dot grid, Lines, Bold lines, 4 mm grid, 3.7 mm grid and Blank |
| Secret line: narrow left strip for times/icons, wide right for text | Day page block option on Writing space | high | A single hairline; no extra zone needed | Yes: the Writing space "Secret line" option (a faint vertical line 0.9 in from the left). Not yet an option on Lined notes |
| Daily quote line at page foot | Day page block "Words to keep" preset or "On this day" | med | Must sit above the SEND TO strip; use public-domain or your own lines, never Hobonichi's quotes | Partly: the "On this day" block (one line of history) and the Keep block ("Words to keep") exist; a dedicated "Daily line" block is planned |
| Moon phase + day-of-year in header | Day page block (Moon, sun & season) | high | Moon already SVG | Mostly: moon, sun and season are built; the day-of-year count is planned |
| Mini month calendar on the day page | Day page block | med | Small; keep outside scan header | Planned (the Week at a glance strip exists, a mini month does not) |
| Yearly index (one line per day) | Keeper back matter | high | The Keeper has no scan codes; fine | Planned |
| "My 100" list | Back matter (Looking back) or Keeper | med | Plain list, B&W | Planned |
| Favourites with stars | Back matter | med | Stars as SVG, not a glyph font | Planned |
| Gift log | Keeper | low | Private; fine in the Keeper | Planned |
| Month tabs on edge | Month page | low | KDP bleed and trim risk; skip for now | Planned (not recommended, see "Don't adopt") |
| 5 a.m.–4 a.m. timeline for shift days | Time blocks option | high | Keep labels numeric, no Type 3 | Partly: Time blocks take a From and To hour (From down to 0, To up to 24), and the Time line 24 h block starts at any hour 0–23; a single axis that runs past midnight (5 to 4) is planned |
| "Blank is a record" note in the front matter | Front matter (key) | high | One line of text | Planned |
b. X4 companion
| Idea | Where | Fit | RAM, scope and calm notes | Built? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day-of-year and moon on the sleep screen | Sleep screen | high | Two small numbers; the date is already computed. No new buffer | The moon is on the sleep screen today; day-of-year is planned |
| "Small good thing" toggle ("I noted one") | Check-in item (toggle) | med | 1 slot; no text entry on device | Yes as a Checkboxes block (or the "One small good thing" blank preset, a count used as 0/1) |
| Mini month grid with filled days | A screen | med | 7×6 cells from the existing log; static buffer | Partly: This month shows the month's calendar and check-in stats; a filled-days grid is planned |
| Download a Techo-style printable pack | Wi-Fi page | med | Pack file only; nothing leaves except over the device's own hotspot (or your own Wi-Fi, when you start it) | Planned |
| Daily quote on the sleep screen | Sleep screen | low | Needs a quote file; must be your own or public-domain; keep it optional and calm | Planned; the sleep screen already shows an "On this day" line |
Scope: no reminders to "fill your page", no streaks, no badges.
c. Editor blocks
| Type | Name | Options | data-zone | X4 export kind | Built? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
body (existing) | Writing space, secret-line option | style: dots | lines | bold | grid | grid37 | blank; secretLine: bool | body | none | Yes. A strip option (squares) is planned |
dayline (new) | Daily line | text: text (fixed line), source: choice(own | none) | dayline | none | Planned |
minical (new) | Mini calendar | highlight: bool (circle today), weekStart: choice(mon | sun) | minical | none | Planned |
timeline / tl24 (existing) | Time blocks / Time line 24 h | Time blocks: from, to, every, actual, replan. Time line 24 h: start hour, every, actual, shade | timeline / tl24 | none | Yes. A marks: hours | half option is planned |
checks (existing) | To-do boxes (3) | labels: list blank | checks | toggle per label | Yes |
fields (existing) | One small good thing | labels: ["Good thing"] | fields | count (use as 0/1) | Yes (preset "One small good thing") |
d. Method layout: "Hobonichi day"
A "Hobonichi" layout is built in (Start from a method). Its block order is: Moon, sun & season; Time blocks (8 to 22, every 2 hours); Writing space (4 mm grid); Small good things (2 lines); On this day at the foot. The fuller proposal below adds the planned blocks:
- Moon/sun/season (with day-of-year)
- Checkboxes: 3 blank to-dos
- Time axis 5 → 4 (or Time blocks)
- Writing space: grid 3.7 mm, secret line on
- Small good things (1 line)
- Daily line
- Mini calendar
e. Don't adopt
- Hobonichi's quotes, logo, fonts or cover art: copyrighted and branded. Use your own words.
- Tomoe River-style thin paper: KDP paper is fixed; thin paper is not an option anyway.
- Month edge tabs: trim risk and visual busyness.
- Sticker-heavy aesthetic prompts: conflicts with calm, low-stimulation design.
- Japanese-only calendar data (rokuyō, solar terms): a local calendar choice, not a default for a general audience.
- Serial numbers: the Data Matrix page code already identifies pages.
26. Open questions
- Weeks grid: 3.45 mm (2011 history) or 3.55 mm (2026 guide)? Did it change?
- Exact weight in g/m² of Tomoe River S used in the Techo.
- When exactly the Weeks line switched paper (April 2024 vs 2025 books).
- What the Techo app stores, and whether it exports.
- Whether a 3.7 mm grid prints cleanly on KDP's 5.5 × 8.5 paper at light grey (needs a test proof).
27. Further reading
- Hobonichi Techo Planner Guide Book (Hobonichi, yearly, Japanese): official usage examples.
- "100 Tips for Using Your Hobonichi Techo" (1101.com): short official tips.
- "How It's Used" gallery (1101.com): real user pages by style.
- JetPens, "Guide to the Hobonichi Techo Planner": retailer's comparison of types.
- Zhang et al., "A 'Present' for the Future" (2014): why recording ordinary days pays off later.
- Pennebaker, Opening Up (1990, rev. 1997): the classic book on expressive writing.
28. Sources
All opened on 2026-09-28. Official and primary sources first.
- "Techo Type Guide – Hobonichi Techo 2026", Hobonichi. https://www.1101.com/store/techo/en/2026/all_about/
- "Original – Techo Type Guide 2026", Hobonichi. https://www.1101.com/store/techo/en/2026/all_about/original/
- "Cousin – Techo Type Guide 2026", Hobonichi. https://www.1101.com/store/techo/en/2026/all_about/cousin/
- "Weeks – Techo Type Guide 2026", Hobonichi. https://www.1101.com/store/techo/en/2026/all_about/weeks/
- "Day-Free – Techo Type Guide 2026", Hobonichi. https://www.1101.com/store/techo/en/2026/all_about/dayfree/
- "HON – Techo Type Guide 2026", Hobonichi. https://www.1101.com/store/techo/en/2026/all_about/hon/
- "Planner – Techo Type Guide 2026", Hobonichi. https://www.1101.com/store/techo/en/2026/all_about/planner/
- "HON – Techo Type Guide 2027", Hobonichi. https://www.1101.com/store/techo/en/2027/all_about/hon/
- "5-Year Techo – Techo Type Guide 2027", Hobonichi. https://www.1101.com/store/techo/en/2027/all_about/5year/
- "The History of the Hobonichi Techo", Hobonichi. https://www.1101.com/store/techo/en/2027/pc/about/history.html
- "Techo Lineup – Hobonichi Techo 2027" (prices), Hobonichi. https://www.1101.com/store/techo/en/lineup/
- "What is the Hobonichi Techo?" (2022), Hobonichi. https://www.1101.com/store/techo/en/2022/sp/about/
- "How to use the Hobonichi Techo", Hobonichi. https://www.1101.com/store/techo/en/howtouse/
- "100 Tips for Using Your Hobonichi Techo", Hobonichi. https://www.1101.com/store/techo/en/magazine/hint/
- "Getting the Most Out of Your Hobonichi Techo", Hobonichi. https://www.1101.com/store/techo/en/hobomotto/
- "The paper will change from the Hobonichi Techo 2024", Hobonichi. https://www.1101.com/store/techo/en/magazine/contents/y24_techo_tomoerivers/ (page body loads by script; detail taken from its search summary and source 18)
- "About 'Tomoe River S', the new paper for the Hobonichi Techo", Hobonichi. https://www.1101.com/store/techo/en/magazine/contents/feature_tomoerivers/ysmpngg2y.html (same note as 16)
- "Hobonichi goes Sanzen Tomoe River paper for 2024", Pen Noob (blog), 2022. https://www.pennoob.com/2022/08/23/hobonichi-tomoe-river-paper-2023-2024/
- "Hobonichi 2024 Paper Change", Yoseka Stationery (retailer blog). https://yosekastationery.com/blogs/news/hobonichi-2024-paper-change
- "Hobonichi Techo", Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobonichi_Techo
- "Hobonichi", Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobonichi
- "Rediscovering Our Mundane Moments Brings Us Unexpected Pleasure", Association for Psychological Science (press release on Zhang et al. 2014). https://www.psychologicalscience.org/news/releases/rediscovering-our-mundane-moments-brings-us-unexpected-pleasure.html
- "Emotional and physical health benefits of expressive writing", Baikie and Wilhelm, Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 11(5), 2005. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/advances-in-psychiatric-treatment/article/emotional-and-physical-health-benefits-of-expressive-writing/ED2976A61F5DE56B46F07A1CE9EA9F9F
- "Experimental Disclosure and Its Moderators: A Meta-Analysis", Frattaroli, Psychological Bulletin 132(6), 2006 (ERIC record). https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ746868
- "My memory: A study of autobiographical memory over six years", Wagenaar, Cognitive Psychology 18, 1986 (Semantic Scholar record; the abstract detail came from search summaries because the publisher page refused access). https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/My-memory:-A-study-of-autobiographical-memory-over-Wagenaar/ba79f08b3d0fc8ea563756bacfca99cc2ce3d71f