Productivity

Theme System journal

Theme System Journal

  • Evidence: Anecdotal
  • Last reviewed
  • Status: reviewed

Contributors: Journalwright Studio contributors. These docs and the guide are CC0 1.0, a public domain dedication. Code is MIT.

This is research and design reference, not medical or mental health advice. If you are in crisis, contact local emergency services or a crisis line.

Improve this pageCorrect a fact

A yearly theme instead of a resolution, a short daily page, and a dot tracker you can half-fill.

Research checked 2026-09-28. Points the sources couldn't settle are marked (unverified).


1. At a glance

CreatorMyke Hurley and CGP Grey, through Cortex Brand (founded 2019). The Yearly Theme idea came first, on their podcast Cortex (Relay FM).
YearThemes discussed on Cortex by 2017 at the latest (Myke's "Year of Less"). Journal announced June 2019 (Cortex #87).
TypeGoal-setting system plus a guided daily journal and habit tracker.
Time per day3–10 minutes: a few short boxes and one row of tracker dots.
Time per week0–15 minutes. There's no built-in weekly review; many people glance back over the tracker spread.
Time per season / year30–90 minutes to pick or revise a theme. A new journal every ~90 days is a natural checkpoint.
CostJournal about US$25 each, or about $20 each on a quarterly subscription (reviews from 2021–22; current price not listed on the official site). The method itself is free: any notebook works.
Formats and sizesOne official size: 145 × 205 × 10 mm ("A5-ish", a little smaller than A5). Soft cover, thread-sewn, lays flat.
Best forPeople who drop resolutions by February; people who want direction without a pass/fail target; people who like a short, repeatable daily page.
Not ideal forPeople who need hard deadlines or a full calendar; people who need a lot of prompting (the boxes are unlabelled).
Learning curveLow for the journal. Medium for choosing a good theme: most people need one or two tries.
SuppliesThe journal (or any notebook), one pen. Optional: a second pen colour for half-fills.
Official sitethemesystem.com
Evidence levelAnecdotal for the system as a whole. Its parts (gratitude listing, progress monitoring, approach goals) have some studies behind them. See section 16.

2. Summary

The Theme System swaps a New Year's resolution for a Yearly Theme: a word or short phrase, like "Year of Reading" or "Year of Less", that names what you want more of and points in a direction instead of setting a target. Its central promise, in the official words, is that "a good theme can't fail." The Theme System Journal, made by Cortex Brand (Myke Hurley and CGP Grey), makes the idea physical. It has four theme pages where you write the theme, your "why" and the changes you hope to see. Then come 90 undated daily pages, each split into five lightly structured, unlabelled boxes you set up yourself; Grey's published pattern is where you are, one personal gratitude, one professional gratitude, a goal and free thoughts. Last come the Daily Actions tracker pages: 15 columns of circles you fill fully or halfway, so a partial effort still counts. One volume lasts about a season, so a theme gets a natural check-in every three months. For Journalwright Studio, the good parts are the no-fail framing, the half-fill dot, the short daily header and the seasonal cadence. All of them fit a calm, low-spoon practice.


3. History and origin

Who made it

  • Myke Hurley. A podcaster since 2009–2010. He co-founded the Relay FM podcast network with Stephen Hackett in 2014 and hosts many shows, from productivity to pens and paper (Wikipedia; themesystem.com).
  • CGP Grey. An educational YouTuber (making video since 2011) and podcaster. His company, Grey Industries, makes his videos (themesystem.com).
  • Cortex. The pair's podcast about how creative people work, launched 3 June 2015 on Relay FM (Wikipedia: CGP Grey). The show describes itself as exploring "how creative people think about their work — and how they get it done" (relay.fm/cortex).
  • Cortex Brand. Their product company, established in 2019 (Wikipedia: Myke Hurley). It sells the Theme System Journal, the Sidekick Notepad (2023), the Subtle Notebook and the Mark One Pen, fulfilled through Cotton Bureau (themesystem.com).

Timeline

WhenWhatSource
3 Jun 2015Cortex episode 1.Wikipedia: CGP Grey
2016–2017Themes become a recurring Cortex topic. By the end of 2017 Myke had finished a "Year of Less" and Grey a "Year of Redirection". The exact first episode about themes wasn't confirmed (unverified).Cortex #62 notes
23 Jan 2018#62 "2018 Yearly Themes": the first episode titled for the yearly ritual.relay.fm/cortex/62
1 Jan 2019#79 "2019 Yearly Themes": Grey has one theme, Myke has two.relay.fm/cortex/79
11 Jun 2019#87 "The Theme System Journal": the journal is announced, sold through Cotton Bureau. "Grey got Maps, Myke got an operating system, and they both created a journal."relay.fm/cortex/87
31 Dec 2019#95 "2020 Yearly Themes": "Grey has a brand new Yearly Theme, Myke has been thinking of one for months."relay.fm/cortex/95
Jan 2020Grey publishes a stand-alone video on themes, originally titled "Your Theme", now shown on YouTube as "You Need a Theme, Not a Goal". The Cortex channel also has "Intro to Yearly Themes". The title change and exact date are (unverified); one secondary source dates it 26 Jan 2020.YouTube oEmbed
14 Dec 2020#110 "2021 Yearly Themes".Cortex archive
16 Dec 2021#123 "2022 Yearly Themes": Grey talks about season breaks, which is where seasonal themes fit in.relay.fm/cortex/123
Dec 2021–Feb 2022Stationery reviews (The Pen Addict, The Gentleman Stationer) describe the journal at $25, or $20 on a quarterly subscription, and say earlier stock shortages have been resolved.Reviews
9 Dec 2022#136 "2023 Yearly Themes".Cortex archive
2023Cortex Brand adds the Sidekick Notepad.Wikipedia: Myke Hurley
15 Dec 2023#150 "2024 Yearly Themes".relay.fm, Grey's Substack
10 Dec 2024#162 "2025 Yearly Themes". The Theme System Journal is one of the episode's sponsors.relay.fm/cortex/162
2025#167 "Ten Years of Cortex": Grey takes a break and the show moves to an interview format. No "2026 Yearly Themes" episode was found (unverified).Wikipedia: CGP Grey; Cortex archive
2026themesystem.com still sells the journal and lists a curated "not sure how to get started?" set of five Cortex episodes, starting with #62.themesystem.com

Cultural context

  • Resolution fatigue. The idea caught on as a reaction to January resolutions that fail within weeks. The official site's example: someone resolves to "Read 50 books this year", ends up reading academic papers instead, and counts it as failure. Under a "Year of Reading", the same behaviour counts as success.
  • The productivity-podcast world of the 2010s. Themes grew up next to OKRs, GTD and bullet journaling. They are the soft, directional member of that family.
  • The stationery community. The journal was reviewed mainly by fountain-pen and notebook blogs, and it shows. The paper (100 gsm Munken Lynx), the lay-flat sewn binding and the tear-off corners are stationery-nerd features.

Key quotes (official site)

"A Yearly Theme is a word or phrase that represents what you'd like more of in your life, or the direction in which you'd like to go."

"A good Theme is broad and acts as a guide, rather than a specific or numerical outcome."

"Most importantly – a good theme can't fail."

"The Theme System is flexible to accommodate your journey to a better life."

Journal: "Empty your mind. Record your progress."

Daily Actions: "Consider which actions, when completed consistently, will help you become the person you want to be."


4. Philosophy and principles

Stated goals

  • More of something, not a finish line. A theme names what you want more of ("It can be as small or as large as you like. Personal or professional.").
  • Direction over destination. You judge a year by which way it trended, not by whether you hit a number.
  • No fail state. Because a theme can't be failed, a bad week doesn't end the project. That is the main difference from a resolution.
  • Flexibility. Four theme pages let you hold more than one theme, or change your mind partway through the year.
  • Connect to your "why". The theme page asks what you hope to achieve and why it matters.

Core beliefs

  1. Resolutions are brittle. A specific target turns every deviation into failure, and failure makes people quit.
  2. Daily action is where change happens. The theme sets the direction and the daily page records steps. The tracker shows the trend.
  3. Partial credit is real credit. The half-filled circle exists to reward "some" rather than punish "not all".
  4. Structure should be light and yours. The boxes are unlabelled on purpose: "So you can discover what works best for you."
  5. Seasons are a natural unit. Grey talks about seasons and season breaks (#123), and one ~90-day journal is one season. A theme can be revised at each season boundary.

The problem it solves

  • The January start, February quit cycle.
  • Goals that are too narrow to survive real life, like illness, a move or a new job.
  • Journals that ask too much every day. A Theme System page can be done in minutes.
  • Habit trackers that are all-or-nothing, where a missed or partial day looks like a blank.

5. Core components

ElementWhat it isWhere it livesHow often
Yearly ThemeA word or short phrase: "Year of ___"Theme pages (4 in each journal)Set yearly, revisited each season
Theme "why"Why the theme matters to youTheme pageYearly or seasonal
Changes you're excited to seeA list of hoped-for changesTheme pageYearly or seasonal
Seasonal or quarterly themeA narrower theme for one season, or a re-read of the yearly oneTheme page, or the first page of a new volumeEvery ~3 months
Daily journal pageFive lightly structured, unlabelled sections90 journal pagesDaily
Daily header (Grey's pattern)Where I am, personal gratitude, professional gratitude, today's goalTop boxes of the daily pageDaily
Free space / thoughtsOpen writingThe largest boxDaily
Daily Actions trackerA grid of circles, 15 day-columns across, one row per action12 tracker pagesDaily
Half-fillFill half a circle for a partial effortTrackerDaily
Notes pagesBlank or ruled overflow13 notes pagesAs needed
IndexA table of contents you fill in2 index pagesAs needed
Tear-off cornersPerforated page corners you tear off to find today's pageJournal pagesDaily

5.1 Yearly Theme

  • A word or phrase: "Year of Reading", "Year of Less", "Year of Order", "Year of Foundations", "Year of Joy", "Year of People", "Year of Health", "Year of Me" and "Year of Creativity" all appear as examples on the official site.
  • Myke's and Grey's own themes, from episode notes: "Year of Less" (Myke, 2017) and "Year of Redirection" (Grey, 2017).
  • Tests for a good theme:
    • Can you think of ten different actions that would count? Then it's broad enough.
    • Can you tell whether a choice moves toward it or away from it? Then it's specific enough.
    • Would you still be glad of it if you only did 30% of what you imagined? Then it can't fail.

5.2 Theme page

The official site describes four prompts:

  1. Set your guide. Write the theme.
  2. Connect to your "why". "Describe what you're looking to achieve from your Theme and why it's important to you."
  3. Stay flexible. Four pages allow several themes, or a change of mind.
  4. Focus on your goals. "List the changes you're excited to see. This will help connect you to your big-picture goals."

5.3 Seasonal and quarterly themes

  • Not a separate printed product. It's a practice that grew out of the podcast's talk of seasons and breaks (#123), and out of the journal lasting about one quarter.
  • Two common patterns:
    • Keep the yearly theme and re-read it at the start of each volume, writing a one-line "this season, that means…".
    • Set a season theme of its own ("Season of Rest") inside or instead of the yearly one.
  • How Grey defines and schedules his own seasons varies from year to year and isn't documented in writing (unverified).

5.4 Daily journal page

  • Officially "each page broken down into five sections for you to customise", with "multiple, unlabeled boxes."
  • What people put in them:
    • Grey's pattern, as re-created by a reader: "Every day, I note where I am, one thing I'm personally and professionally grateful for, and one goal for the day", plus a "Today's thoughts" space (fixermark blog, 2024).
    • The Gentleman Stationer: gratitude, a quote from reading, significant events and theme connections, and current feeling in one word.
  • The five-section model this doc uses (matching Grey's pattern):
    1. Location: where I am today.
    2. Personal gratitude: one thing.
    3. Professional gratitude: one thing (for someone who isn't working: "outside-of-home gratitude", or "work I did, paid or not").
    4. Goal: one goal for today.
    5. Free space: thoughts, events, whatever's on your mind.
  • The exact printed box sizes and their order on the page aren't described in any source that could be opened. Treat the sketch in section 9 as an approximation (unverified).

5.5 Daily Actions tracker (the dot tracker)

  • Official copy: "A highly-personalized, visual habit tracker to log your progress… Habit tracking with a difference."
  • Rows are actions you choose. Columns are days, 15 per page. Fill a circle fully (done) or halfway (partly done); a reader on the official site calls "the half-split of the circles" "really useful".
  • 12 tracker pages cover the 90 days: six spreads of 15 days each would give exactly 90, which fits. The page-to-spread arrangement wasn't confirmed (unverified).
  • The number of rows (actions) per page is about 10 in common descriptions, but no official source states it (unverified).
  • Three states: empty (not done or not relevant), half (some), full (done). This is the same scale as Journalwright Studio's Habit dots block and the X4 companion's dots kind (0, 1, 2).

5.6 Notes and index

  • 13 notes pages for overflow, lists or a season review.
  • 2 index pages to note what's where (page numbers or dates).

5.7 Tear-off corners

  • The daily pages have perforated corners. Tear off each finished day's corner, and the first intact corner marks today, so it works like a built-in bookmark.
  • It also makes progress visible at the page edge.

6. Setting it up

First setup (30–60 minutes, once a year or once a volume)

  1. Look back. List three things from the last year you want more of and three you want less of.
  2. Draft five theme candidates. Use "Year of ___". Write them fast; don't judge yet.
  3. Test each one with the three tests in 5.1 (ten actions, a direction you can judge, glad at 30%).
  4. Pick one. Two at most for a first try; Myke has run two (#79).
  5. Fill in the theme page: the theme, your "why" (two or three sentences), and the changes you're excited to see (five to ten bullets).
  6. Pick 4–8 daily actions for the tracker. Each one should be something that, if it happened most days, would look like your theme. Write them down the tracker's first column.
  7. Decide your five daily boxes. Write the labels lightly in pencil on the first page, or on a sticky note you move forward each day.
  8. Set up the index. Write "Theme – p.1", "Tracker – p.__" and leave the rest.

First day

  • Fill the five boxes. Keep it under five minutes; one line per box is fine.
  • Fill today's tracker column, using half circles for partial efforts.
  • Tear off the corner.

First week

  • Days 1–3: expect the box labels to feel wrong. Change them freely; that's the point of unlabelled boxes.
  • Day 4 or 5: drop any tracker row you've left blank every day because it doesn't apply, and replace it.
  • Day 7: read the week back (two minutes). Does the theme show up in the "goal" box at least a few times? If not, make the goal box theme-linked on purpose ("Theme step: ___").

7. Daily practice

Order of operations, 3–10 minutes, morning or evening

StepTimeWhat you doPrompt
110 sDate, and tear the corner off the last page—
220 sLocation"Where am I?" (home, work site, bus, bed)
340 sPersonal gratitude"One thing I'm personally grateful for."
440 sProfessional or outside gratitude"One thing I'm grateful for at work, or out in the world."
540 sGoal"One goal for today." In the evening: "Did it happen? What's tomorrow's?"
61–6 minFree space"What's on my mind? What happened? Where did my theme show up?"
720 sTrackerFor each row: empty, half or full.

Morning or evening?

  • Grey's re-created pattern suits the morning (location, gratitude, goal to set the day), with free space written in the evening.
  • Many users do the whole page at night as a review.
  • Either works. What matters is keeping the time of day the same.

Rules of thumb

  • One line per box is a complete entry.
  • If you miss days, don't back-fill the journal pages. Do back-fill tracker circles if you remember honestly; leave them empty if you don't.
  • A half circle is a win. Don't turn half-fills into a guilt metric.

8. Rhythms

RhythmWhat happensTime
DailyFive boxes, tracker column, corner tear-off.3–10 min
Weekly (optional)Look across the tracker spread. Count fulls and halves per row. Write one line in notes: "This week the theme looked like ___."5 min
Every 15 daysA tracker page fills up. Before turning it, keep, swap or drop each row.5 min
Seasonal (~90 days, one volume)Re-read the theme page. Read ten random daily pages. Answer "Did the year trend toward the theme? What does it mean next season?" Start the new volume's theme page with the same theme, a refined one or a season theme.30–60 min
YearlyHurley and Grey's ritual (see the Yearly Themes episodes, December or January): review the old theme, set the new one.60–90 min
ArchivingNumber the volumes on the spine: "2026-Q3 · Year of Rest". Keep the theme pages; they're the year's story.—
Index upkeepAdd entries to the 2 index pages when you write something worth finding again.seconds

Seasonal review questions

  1. What did my theme mean in practice this season?
  2. Which tracker rows were mostly full? Mostly half? Mostly empty?
  3. Which gratitude kept coming up?
  4. What would "more of my theme" look like next season, in one sentence?
  5. Keep, refine or replace the theme?

9. Page anatomy

These are approximate reconstructions from the official description and reviews. Printed proportions are (unverified). Trim: 145 × 205 mm. The pages are printed in a light dot or line style. Each sketch shows one page.

9.1 Theme page

+-------------------------------------------+
|  THE YEAR OF ____________________________ |
|                                           |
|  WHY                                      |
|  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  |
|  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  |
|  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  |
|                                           |
|  CHANGES I'M EXCITED TO SEE               |
|  -  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   |
|  -  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   |
|  -  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   |
|  -  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   |
|  -  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   |
|                                           |
|                                   1 / 4   |
+-------------------------------------------+

Top ~10%: theme line. Middle ~35%: why. Bottom ~50%: changes list.

9.2 Daily journal page (five sections)

+-------------------------------------------+
| DATE ____________                         |
| +-------------------+ +-----------------+ |
| | (1) where I am    | | (2) personal    | |
| |                   | |     gratitude   | |
| +-------------------+ +-----------------+ |
| +-------------------+ +-----------------+ |
| | (3) professional  | | (4) today's     | |
| |     gratitude     | |     goal        | |
| +-------------------+ +-----------------+ |
| +---------------------------------------+ |
| | (5) free space                        | |
| |  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  | |
| |  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  | |
| |  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  | |
| |  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  | |
| |  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  | |
| +---------------------------------------+ |
|                                        ◸  |  <- perforated corner
+-------------------------------------------+

Boxes 1–4 are unlabelled in print; the labels here are Grey's pattern. Roughly: the top four take ~35% of the page and free space takes ~60%.

9.3 Daily Actions tracker (15 days)

+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| DAILY ACTIONS     days →  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 ... 15 |
| action ↓                                                      |
| ______________    ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○ |
| ______________    ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○ |
| ______________    ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○ |
| ______________    ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○ |
| ______________    ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○ |
| ______________    ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○ |
| ______________    ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○ |
| ______________    ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○ |
| ______________    ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○ |
| ______________    ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○  ○ |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
  ○ empty     ◐ half     ● full

The action names sit in a column about a third wide on the left; the circles fill the rest. The row count (10 here) is (unverified).

9.4 Notes and index

+----------------------------+   +----------------------------+
| INDEX                      |   | NOTES                      |
| topic ............... page |   | . . . . . . . . . . . . .  |
| topic ............... page |   | . . . . . . . . . . . . .  |
| ...                        |   | . . . . . . . . . . . . .  |
+----------------------------+   +----------------------------+

10. Worked examples

A generic sample person: shift worker, theme "Year of Rest", one season in.

Sample theme page

THE YEAR OF  REST

WHY
I spent last year running on empty. I want rest to be something
I plan, not something that happens when I crash.

CHANGES I'M EXCITED TO SEE
- In bed by 11 on work nights, most nights
- One slow morning a week with no plans
- Saying no without writing a paragraph about it
- Fewer sick days from exhaustion
- Feeling like my days off are mine

Sample day

DATE  Tue 14 Oct

(1) WHERE      Kitchen table, before shift
(2) PERSONAL   Warm socks out of the dryer
(3) WORK       Crew lead swapped my Saturday without fuss
(4) GOAL       Leave work on time; bed by 11
(5) FREE       Tired but not wrecked. Rest showed up as saying
               no to the extra hour. Want to try a 10-min lie-down
               after shift instead of scrolling. Rain all day.

Evening line: left on time ✓ · bed 11:20 (half)

Sample 15-day tracker slice (days 1–7 shown)

DAILY ACTIONS        1  2  3  4  5  6  7
Bed by 11            ●  ◐  ●  ○  ●  ◐  ●
No phone in bed      ◐  ◐  ●  ○  ◐  ●  ●
Outside 10 min       ●  ●  ●  ●  ◐  ○  ●
Lie-down after shift ○  ◐  ●  ○  ●  ●  ◐
Water bottle         ●  ●  ●  ◐  ●  ●  ●
Stretch              ○  ○  ◐  ○  ◐  ●  ○

Sample week, in notes

WEEK OF 13 OCT: REST
Fulls: 25  Halves: 11  Empty: 6
Rest looked like: leaving on time, the lie-down helps more than
scrolling. Stretch row isn't landing — try "stretch in shower"?

Sample month / season summary

SEASON 4 (Oct–Dec) · YEAR OF REST
Trend: better. Bed-by-11 went from mostly half to mostly full.
Best gratitude repeats: warm things, quiet mornings, my crew.
Next season theme: keep REST; season focus "Rest in company"
(see friends without it costing a whole day off).
Drop: stretch row. Add: "one no without explaining".

11. Variations and offshoots

VariantWhoHow it differs
Theme System (no journal)Hurley and Grey, on CortexJust the theme, kept in your head or a note app. The original form.
Two themesMyke (#79)One personal and one professional, or two areas.
Seasonal themesGrew out of Cortex's talk of seasons (#123)A theme lasts one season, not a year. Good for people whose lives change by season (shift work, school terms, weather).
Theme of the monthCommunityTwelve mini-themes. Easier to start, but loses the "long direction" benefit.
Word of the Year / One Little WordSeparate traditions (for example Ali Edwards' One Little Word)Similar idea: one word as a lens. Usually more reflective, and not tied to daily tracking.
Digital Theme SystemReaders (for example a 2024 Emacs Org-mode template)Location, gratitude, goal and thoughts as a text snippet each day; the tracker as a table.
Sidekick Notepad / PlannerCortex BrandA separate, more structured daily planning pad (meetings, top priorities, tasks). Not a theme tool, but made to pair with the journal. The product name "Sidekick Planner" appears in search listings; the official site lists "Sidekick Notepad" (unverified whether both exist).
"Theme System Planner" / "Theme System Notebook"—No current Cortex Brand product by either name was found. "Theme System Notebook" seems to be a reviewer's name for the journal (unverified).

12. Community practice

  • Where people talk:
    • the r/CGPGrey subreddit, linked from the #150 notes;
    • the Cortex YouTube channel and Relay FM members' areas;
    • stationery blogs (The Pen Addict, The Gentleman Stationer);
    • Instagram and Threads @cortexbrand.
  • What people actually do:
    • Label the boxes once and keep them. Gratitude, a quote, events and a feeling word (Gentleman Stationer), or location, two gratitudes and a goal (Grey's pattern).
    • Use it loosely. One official testimonial: "Even when I slack off and don't use it for weeks, I can come back and pick up where i left off." Another: "I am not journaling everyday but … a gentle push as far as structure."
    • Track theme-adjacent rows, not every habit: "a longer workout, or spend more time reading."
    • Use it for work too. "Both for tracking work productivity and personal growth journaling."
    • Put it in a cover. The size fits many A5 covers (Roterfaden Taschenbegleiter, Lochby Field Journal).
  • Common customisations:
    • a different second-colour pen for half-fills;
    • a monthly one-line summary in the notes pages;
    • stickers or washi to mark season boundaries;
    • a "theme connection" line added to the free space.
  • Aesthetic vs minimalist:
    • The journal pulls minimalist. Grey, dark-grey covers, and no printed prompts or decoration.
    • Decorative users add stickers, but the product doesn't push it.
  • Critiques:
    • Price across a year ("I like it, but I don't $80 like it" — Pen Addict review).
    • Some don't know what to put in the unlabelled boxes ("I still haven't figured out how I'll use the boxes").

13. Official products and formats

ItemDetails
Theme System Journal145 × 205 × 10 mm. Dark grey polyurethane leather soft cover (reviewers call it semi-rigid, "velvety-rubbery"), debossed logo. 100 gsm Munken Lynx paper. Thread-sewn, lays flat. Corner perforations.
Pages4 theme pages, 90 journal pages, 12 tracker pages, 13 notes pages, 2 index pages.
Price$25 single, $20 each on a quarterly subscription ($80 a year), per 2021–22 reviews. Current price not shown on the official site (unverified).
Where soldCotton Bureau (Cortex Brand store), linked from themesystem.com.
Release cycleUndated, so no yearly edition. The subscription sends one every quarter.
Colour and paper variantsThe Cotton Bureau link names a "grey paper, standard journal" option, so there may be colour variants (unverified).
Related Cortex Brand productsSidekick Notepad, Subtle Notebook (navy, 5×8), Mark One Pen (black nickel).

14. Tools and supplies

  • Pens. Munken Lynx at 100 gsm handles fountain pens well. Reviewers report little bleed or feathering and a fast dry time, and an official testimonial says ink "dries near instantly". Gel, ballpoint and fineliner are all fine.
  • Half-fill tool. A fine-point marker or a second-colour pen makes half circles tidy. With one pen, shade the left half.
  • Pencil, for provisional box labels.
  • Cover. An A5 cover or folio if you carry it to work.
  • Ruler. Not needed; the grids are printed.
  • Stickers and stamps. Optional: a small season sticker on the theme page. Keep it calm.
  • DIY version.
    • Any A5 or 5.5×8.5 notebook: draw four boxes plus a big box per page.
    • Make a separate tracker page every 15 days: 15 columns × up to 10 rows, circles about 5 mm.
    • Paper at 80 gsm or more if you use fountain pens.

15. Digital and hybrid versions

  • Apps and templates:
    • Note apps: a daily template with Where / Personal gratitude / Professional gratitude / Goal / Thoughts (for example the Emacs Org-mode re-creation, 2024).
    • Habit apps with three states are rare. Most are binary, which loses the half-fill.
  • E-ink (reMarkable, Kindle Scribe, Boox):
    • A PDF template with the five boxes and a 15-day circle grid works well at 1-bit.
    • No official digital version was found (unverified).
  • Scanning: the tracker is well suited to optical reading. Circles in fixed positions give three states you can read from fill percentage (under 25% empty, 25–75% half, over 75% full).
  • Lost vs gained:
    • Paper keeps the tactile "tear the corner" ritual and the calm of no screen.
    • Digital gains search and charts, but a streak counter works against the no-fail philosophy.

16. Evidence and research

No study has tested the Theme System or its journal directly. Its parts line up with better-studied ideas.

StudySample and designFindingRelevanceLimits
Oscarsson, Carlbring, Andersson & Rozental (2020), PLOS ONE1,066 adults making New Year's resolutions; randomised to no, some or extended support; followed to 12 monthsAt one year, approach-oriented goals beat avoidance goals (58.9% vs 47.1%). The group with some support did best (62.3%); extended, more detailed support did worse (52.5%). The authors suggest over-specified goals create more chances to feel you've failed.Supports phrasing themes as "more of X" (approach), and hints that less rigid structure can help.Self-reported success; a Swedish online sample; resolutions, not themes.
Emmons & McCullough (2003), J Pers Soc PsycholThree studies: students (weekly or daily logs) and adults with neuromuscular diseaseGratitude listing raised well-being on several, not all, measures; the effect on positive affect was most robust.Supports the two daily gratitude boxes.Small to moderate effects; mostly students; later replications are mixed.
Harkin et al. (2016), Psychological Bulletin, meta-analysis138 studies, N = 19,951Monitoring interventions raised goal attainment (d+ = 0.40); effects were larger when progress was reported or made public, or physically recorded.Supports the Daily Actions tracker.Very mixed study types; effect depends on how monitoring is done.
Locke & Latham (2002), American PsychologistReview of 35 years of goal-setting researchSpecific, hard goals usually beat "do your best" for performance.A counterpoint. For measurable tasks, vague themes may do worse than specific goals. The Theme System pairs a vague theme with a specific daily goal box.Mostly workplace task performance, not life direction or wellbeing.
Gollwitzer & Sheeran (2006), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, meta-analysisImplementation-intention studiesIf-then plans reliably help people act on goals.Suggests turning the "goal" box into "If ___, then I'll ___" for harder days.Lab and field mix.
Lally, van Jaarsveld, Potts & Wardle (2010), Eur J Soc Psychol96 people, 12 weeks, one new daily behaviour eachTime to 95% automaticity ranged from 18 to 254 days. Missing one opportunity did not materially affect habit formation.Supports tracker rows kept for at least a season, and the no-fail stance on missed days.Small sample; self-report automaticity.
Pennebaker (1997), Psychological ScienceReviewWriting about emotional experiences is linked to health benefits.Weak support for the free-space box (daily notes are shorter and less emotional than the study tasks).Effects vary; the studied tasks are 15–20 min of focused writing.

Claimed vs supported

ClaimStatus
"Themes succeed where resolutions fail"Plausible, supported indirectly by the approach-goal finding. Not tested directly.
"A good theme can't fail"A framing choice, not an empirical claim. Its value is psychological: less fear of failing.
Gratitude improves wellbeingSome studies, with modest effects.
Tracking helps you actSupported by meta-analysis.
Half-fills keep motivation upNot studied. Plausible, given the finding that a missed day doesn't reset a habit.

17. Benefits

BenefitStatus
Less "I failed, so I quit" after a bad weekClaimed (fits the Lally missed-day finding)
Approach framing ("more of") beats avoidance framingEvidenced (Oscarsson 2020)
A small daily gratitude habitEvidenced, modestly (Emmons & McCullough 2003)
Progress is visible, so you act moreEvidenced (Harkin 2016)
Takes only minutes, so it's sustainableClaimed
Flexible: fits illness, moves and job changesClaimed
Seasonal check-ins stop driftClaimed
The location line helps memory and context when you reread laterClaimed
Partial credit reduces all-or-nothing thinkingClaimed
Pleasant, durable paper encourages useClaimed (reviews)

18. Pitfalls

ProblemWhy it happensFix
The theme is too vague ("Year of Better")Broad slides into meaninglessUse the ten-actions test. If you can't name ten, narrow it ("Year of Better Sleep").
The theme is secretly a resolution ("Year of 50 Books")Old habitsTake the number out. Keep the number as one tracker row if you want it.
Blank boxes cause paralysisThe unlabelled designUse Grey's pattern for the first 15 days, then adjust.
The tracker becomes a guilt wallToo many rows, rows that don't fitAt most 6 rows. Drop any row that's empty for 5 days in a row.
Half-fills feel like failurePerfectionismWrite "◐ = success" at the top of the tracker. Count halves and fulls together as "showed up".
Losing momentum between volumesThe journal ends every 90 daysBuy or set up the next one before day 80, and put the season review on the calendar.
Cost across a year$80–100 for four volumesAny notebook works: draw the boxes, or print a template.
Professional gratitude doesn't fitUnemployed, retired, disabled, carerRename it "outside me": the world, a stranger, a service, a place.
Forgetting the theme exists by MarchIt isn't on the daily pageWrite the theme word at the top of each tracker page, or in the goal box.
Doing it only when things are goodJournal avoidance on bad daysA minimum entry: location plus one tracker column is a full day.

19. Accessibility and adaptations

  • ADHD.
    • Short, fixed boxes help. Keep one pen clipped to the journal and do the page at the same trigger (after coffee, after clocking out).
    • Use tear-off corners as the "where am I" marker.
    • Theme per season, not per year, for novelty.
    • Allow gaps: the official testimonial about picking up after weeks away is the model.
  • Autism and sensory needs.
    • Fixed labels and the same order every day.
    • Plain, calm pages; the official journal has no decoration.
    • Replace gratitude with "one thing that felt OK" if gratitude language feels forced.
    • Add a sensory row to the tracker.
  • Chronic illness and low spoons.
    • Define a "minimum day" (location plus tracker).
    • Half-fill means "did a smaller version".
    • Pick rows that are care, not productivity (meds, water, rest).
    • Themes like "Year of Pacing" work well.
  • Depression and anxiety.
    • The no-fail frame matters most here.
    • Avoid rows you're likely to leave empty every day.
    • Gratitude can be tiny ("the bus came").
    • If free space turns into rumination, cap it at three lines and end with the goal.
  • Trauma.
    • Keep the page present-focused (location, today). No prompt should require revisiting the past.
    • Themes should be about safety or agency ("Year of Choosing").
  • Dyslexia and dysgraphia.
    • Use icons or single words in the boxes.
    • The tracker is almost writing-free, and dots beat words.
    • Voice memo for the free space, with the date written.
  • Low vision.
    • Use the 8.5×11 size or print bigger circles (8 mm or more).
    • A thick marker for fills, high-contrast black on white, a large-print theme word.
  • Motor or hand pain.
    • Dots and half-dots need less writing.
    • Use a fat-barrel pen.
    • Tick instead of fill (the official site allows using circles as checkboxes).
    • Dictate the free space.
  • Trans and gender-diverse people.
    • Themes can hold transition goals without deadlines ("Year of Becoming", "Year of Voice").
    • Tracker rows for HRT doses, voice practice or body care.
    • Location and gratitude lines hold small euphoria moments.
  • Shift workers.
    • "Day" means from waking to sleeping, not a calendar date.
    • Write the date plus "shift / off".
    • Location is especially useful (site, yard, home).
    • Seasonal themes can follow shift-bid periods.
  • Low income.
    • The method is free: any notebook, or a printed page.
    • Five boxes and a 15-column grid fit on one sheet of copy paper.
    • Skip the subscription.

20. Comparison

Theme System JournalPassion PlannerBullet JournalFive Minute JournalYear in Pixels
Core unitYearly or seasonal themeGoals by timeframe (3 months to lifetime)Rapid-logged bulletsMorning and evening promptsOne colour per day
Daily page5 unlabelled boxesHourly schedule plus to-dos plus open space (Daily edition)Blank, you build itFixed promptsNone (one square)
Tracking15-day circles, half-fillsMonthly habit trackersDIY trackersNoneMood only
Failure framing"Can't fail"Goals with deadlinesNeutral (migration)NeutralNeutral
Time per day3–10 min10–20 min5–15 min5 min10 s
StructureLightHeavyYou decideHeavyMinimal
Cost~$25 a season, or free DIY$36–59 a yearAny notebook~$25–30Free printable
Best atDirection without pressureTurning dreams into scheduled stepsFlexibility and captureGratitude habitPattern-spotting

21. Combining

  • With Passion Planner. Use the theme as the lens for the Passion Roadmap. For example, circle GameChangers that fit the theme. See passion-planner.md.
  • With the Bullet Journal (sibling doc bullet-journal.md). Put the theme on the future log. Make the 15-day circle grid a collection. Use the daily five boxes as the header of the daily log.
  • With Year in Pixels (sibling doc year-in-pixels.md, if present). Add a mood pixel each day. Over a season, compare the mood colours with the theme tracker.
  • With a gratitude journal. The two gratitude boxes already are one; don't double up.
  • With time-blocking. Keep the goal box to one item, and let the calendar hold the rest.
  • With Journalwright Studio as it is today. Care check-in, Spoons and Small good things cover the gratitude and minimum-day parts. The theme lives on the season theme page. Habit dots are the tracker, and "Theme System day" is a one-click method layout in the editor.

22. Ready-to-use bank

Theme ideas (pick one, or combine)

  1. Year of Rest
  2. Year of Less
  3. Year of Foundations
  4. Year of People
  5. Year of Outside
  6. Year of Voice
  7. Year of Pacing
  8. Year of Order
  9. Year of Joy
  10. Year of Creativity
  11. Year of Home
  12. Year of Enough
  13. Season of Repair
  14. Season of Light (for winter)
  15. Season of Saying No

Box labels (five-box sets)

  1. Where · Grateful (me) · Grateful (world) · Goal · Thoughts (Grey's pattern)
  2. Where · Body today · One good thing · One step · Notes
  3. Shift/off · Energy word · Grateful · Theme step · Free
  4. Where · Feeling word · Quote · What happened · Theme showed up as…

Theme-linked prompts

  1. Where did my theme show up today, even a little?
  2. What's the smallest version of my theme I could do tomorrow?
  3. What got in the way, and was it a real limit or a habit?
  4. If this season had a title, what would it be?
  5. What am I doing more of than last season?
  6. Which half-circle am I proudest of this week?
  7. What does "enough" look like for my theme this week?

Tracker rows (Daily Actions)

  1. Meds on time
  2. Water bottle finished
  3. Outside 10 min
  4. Bed by ___
  5. Read 10 pages
  6. Texted someone
  7. Stretch or move
  8. Voice practice
  9. Ate a real meal
  10. No phone in bed
  11. Tidied one thing
  12. Made something

Seasonal review headings

  1. Theme this season meant…
  2. Rows mostly full / mostly half / mostly empty
  3. Repeat gratitudes
  4. Keep · refine · replace
  5. Next season in one sentence

23. Glossary

TermMeaning
Theme / Yearly ThemeA word or phrase for what you want more of: a direction, not a target.
Season / season themeA ~3-month period, and an optional theme for it.
Season breakA planned pause between seasons (discussed in Cortex #123).
Theme pageThe page for writing the theme, your why and the changes you hope to see.
Daily pageA page with five unlabelled boxes for the day.
Daily ActionsThe official name for the visual habit tracker.
Half-fillA half-shaded circle for partial completion.
Tear-off cornerA perforated corner you remove to mark finished days.
CortexMyke Hurley and CGP Grey's podcast on Relay FM (since 2015).
Cortex BrandTheir product company (2019).
Relay FMThe podcast network Myke co-founded in 2014.
Munken LynxThe Swedish uncoated paper used in the journal (100 gsm).
Approach goalA goal about getting more of something (vs an avoidance goal).
ResolutionA specific New Year's commitment with a pass/fail outcome, which the Theme System is designed to replace.
SidekickCortex Brand's more structured daily planning notepad.

24. FAQ

  1. Do I need the official journal? No. The system is a theme plus daily reflection plus a tracker, and any notebook works. The journal is a nice, ready-made version.
  2. How is a theme different from a goal? A goal has a finish line; a theme has a direction. You can still set goals inside a theme, in the daily goal box for example.
  3. Can I have more than one theme? Yes. The journal has four theme pages for this reason, and Myke ran two themes in 2019. Two is a sensible maximum.
  4. What if I pick the "wrong" theme? Change it. The official site says the four pages are there so you can change your mind. A season boundary is a natural moment.
  5. What goes in the unlabelled boxes? Anything. Grey's pattern: where you are, personal gratitude, professional gratitude, and today's goal, plus thoughts. Try it for 15 days, then adjust.
  6. What does a half-filled circle mean? You did some of it, or a smaller version. It counts.
  7. I missed two weeks. Now what? Start at today's page. Don't back-fill. Official testimonials praise exactly this: "I can come back and pick up where I left off."
  8. Should the theme start on 1 January? It doesn't have to. Hurley and Grey often record their themes episode in December or January, but any season boundary works.
  9. Is there evidence it works? Not for the system itself. Its parts (approach goals, gratitude, progress monitoring) have some support; see section 16.
  10. Morning or evening? Either. The morning suits location, gratitude and goal; the evening suits free space and the tracker. Many people split it.
  11. How many tracker rows? Start with 4–6. More rows make it more likely to become a guilt wall.
  12. Is there a digital version? No official one was found. A PDF template on a tablet or e-ink device works; see section 15.

25. For Journalwright Studio

Journalwright Studio designs printed journals in a block editor, with an optional e-ink companion (the X4 companion). The "Already built?" column says what exists today; anything else is planned.

a. Printed book

IdeaWhere it goesFitB&W and scan-zone notesAlready built?
Theme page ("This is the season of ___", why, changes I'm excited to see)Front matter; also a season opener every 3 monthsHighPure text and lines. Needs a data-zone for the theme line, why and changes (theme_word, theme_why, theme_changes).Partly: a season theme page exists in front matter.
Location line ("Where I am")Day block, one line under the headerHighOne line; zone where. Icon: a map pin as SVG.Partly ("Where I am" line in the "Theme System day" method layout, via Lined notes)
Two gratitudes (me / out in the world)Day blockHighTwo short lines. Could reuse Two columns (split), labelled "Me" / "World".Yes (two "Grateful" lines in the "Theme System day" method layout; Small good things, Two columns).
One goalDay blockHighOne line, zone goal. Could reuse Top priorities with n = 1.Yes ("One goal" line in the "Theme System day" method layout; Top priorities).
Free spaceDay blockHighThe existing Writing space.Yes
15-day Daily Actions grid, empty/half/full circlesTracker page (second half of each month: days 1–15 and 16–end)HighCircles as SVG, not glyphs (no Type 3). Fixed positions for scanning. Read fill by pixel count (<25% empty, 25–75% half, >75% full). Zones actions_r1… per row.Partly: a monthly tracker page and the Habit dots block (empty / half / full) exist; a 15-day grid page is planned.
Theme word in the page headerEvery day page, small, next to the titleMedMust not move the fixed DATE/TITLE/TAGS header. Put it inside the body as a tiny line, not in the header.Planned
Season review spread (5 questions)Back matter, every third monthMedLines only. Zones per question.Partly (Looking back, Closing the month).
Tear-off cornersDay pagesLowKDP can't perforate, and cutting corners would damage the scan frame. Skip.n/a (not possible on KDP)

b. X4 companion

IdeaWhere it goesFitRAM, scope and calm notes
Daily Actions as dots itemsCheck-in item kind dots (0/1/2), via the bridgeHighAlready in the bridge format. Up to 16 custom items; suggest 4–6 rows. No streaks, no counts on screen.
Season theme word on the sleep screenSleep screen, one small line under the dateHighOne short string (≤ 24 chars) in a static buffer. Calm, no nag. Editable on the Wi-Fi page.
15-day dot viewA screen: rows × 15 circles, like the paperMed6 rows × 15 × 2 bits, tiny. Draw circles 1-bit with a half-fill pattern. Read-only; no "you missed" markers.
"Where am I" quick pickCheck-in item, a short choice list (home, work, out)LowNeeds a new choice kind; the bridge doesn't have one. Low value on device.
Season review prompt on the Wi-Fi pageWi-Fi page: show the tracker CSV for the seasonMedNothing leaves the device except over its own hotspot; that's fine. No AI summary.

c. Proposed editor blocks

TypeNameOptionsdata-zoneX4 export kind
theme (planned)Theme linelabel (text, def "Season of"), word (text, max 24), show (bool: print on every day)theme— (not exported; the theme word goes to the sleep screen through the Wi-Fi page instead)
where (planned; Lined notes covers it today)Where I amlabel (text, def "Where"), icon (bool: map pin)where—
gratitude2 (planned; Lined notes covers it today)Two gratitudesleft (text, def "Me"), right (text, def "World"), n (num 1–2 lines each)gratitude2—
habits (built)Habit dots / Daily Actionstitle (text), labels[] (list, max 8), tiny legend; planned: days (choice: 1 today / 15 grid)habitsdots per label
top (existing)Top priorities as "Today's goal"label "Goal", n = 1top—

d. Proposed method layout: "Theme System"

Ordered blocks for a one-click layout:

  1. sky (keep the day's moon and sun, calm context)
  2. theme — word from settings, shown small
  3. where
  4. gratitude2 — Me / World, 1 line each
  5. top — label "Goal", n = 1
  6. habits — title "Daily actions", labels ["Meds", "Water", "Outside", "Rest", "Made something"]
  7. body — Writing space, dots
  8. review — optional; off by default

The fixed header, frame, SEND TO strip and page code stay unchanged, and every block carries its own zone.

e. Don't adopt

  • Tear-off corners. Not possible on KDP, and they would cut into the scan frame.
  • Unlabelled boxes by default. Blank boxes are paralysing for many ND users. Ship labelled, and let people rename.
  • "Professional gratitude" wording. Shift workers, students, carers and people between jobs all use this system, and not everyone has a job. Use "World" or "Out there".
  • Yearly-only themes. Offer seasonal ones. They fit shift bids and places with strong seasons.
  • Subscription, or any "streak". No counters or "days in a row" on print or X4. It works against the no-fail idea and the firmware scope.
  • Premium paper claims. KDP paper isn't Munken Lynx. Don't imply it.

26. Open questions

  1. The exact printed order and sizes of the five daily boxes. No source that could be opened describes them precisely.
  2. The number of rows on each Daily Actions page (about 10 is common folklore, unconfirmed).
  3. Whether each tracker page covers 15 days on one page or across a spread.
  4. The first Cortex episode to discuss themes (before #62, 2018).
  5. Whether "You Need a Theme, Not a Goal" is the retitled January 2020 "Your Theme" video, and its exact date.
  6. Current price and whether the subscription is still offered.
  7. Whether "Sidekick Planner" and "Sidekick Notepad" are one product or two.
  8. Whether Hurley and Grey still record a yearly themes episode after the 2025 format change.
  9. No direct study of themes vs resolutions exists. Approach framing is the closest evidence.

27. Further reading

  • themesystem.com: the official explainer; short and clear on what a theme is.
  • Cortex #62, #79, #95, #110, #123, #136, #150, #162: the Yearly Themes episodes, listened to in order.
  • Cortex #87 "The Theme System Journal": how and why they made the journal.
  • CGP Grey, "You Need a Theme, Not a Goal" (YouTube): the idea in a few minutes.
  • Cortex Podcast, "Intro to Yearly Themes" (YouTube): a clip from the show.
  • The Pen Addict review (2021): honest on value and on the unlabelled boxes.
  • The Gentleman Stationer review (2022): a practical four-box set-up, and cover compatibility.
  • Mark's Project Blog (2024): a digital re-creation using Grey's pattern.
  • Oscarsson et al. (2020), PLOS ONE: the best study on New Year's resolutions; open access.
  • Lally et al. (2010): why a missed day doesn't break a habit.

28. Sources

All checked on 2026-09-28. Each was opened once.

#TitlePublisher / authorURL
1The Theme System JournalCortex Brandhttps://www.themesystem.com/
2The Theme System Journal (store page)Cotton Bureau / Cortex Brandhttps://cottonbureau.com/p/TZ4WZJ/journal/the-theme-system-journal
3Cortex (show page)Relay FMhttps://www.relay.fm/cortex
4Cortex archiveRelay FMhttps://www.relay.fm/cortex/archive
5Cortex #62: 2018 Yearly ThemesRelay FMhttps://www.relay.fm/cortex/62
6Cortex #79: 2019 Yearly ThemesRelay FMhttps://www.relay.fm/cortex/79
7Cortex #87: The Theme System JournalRelay FMhttps://relay.fm/cortex/87
8Cortex #95: 2020 Yearly ThemesRelay FMhttps://www.relay.fm/cortex/95
9Cortex #123: 2022 Yearly ThemesRelay FMhttps://relay.fm/cortex/123
10Cortex #162: 2025 Yearly ThemesRelay FMhttps://relay.fm/cortex/162
112024 Yearly ThemesCGP Grey (Substack)https://cgpgrey.substack.com/p/2024-yearly-themes
12You Need a Theme, Not a Goal (oEmbed record)CGP Grey / YouTubehttps://www.youtube.com/oembed?url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NVGuFdX5guE&format=json
13Intro to Yearly Themes (oEmbed record)Cortex Podcast / YouTubehttps://www.youtube.com/oembed?url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2zugiZ73SyM&format=json
14Myke HurleyWikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myke_Hurley
15CGP GreyWikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CGP_Grey
16Theme System Journal ReviewThe Pen Addict (Sarah Read), 30 Dec 2021https://www.penaddict.com/blog/2021/12/30/theme-system-journal-review
17Notebook Review: The Theme System JournalThe Gentleman Stationer, 26 Feb 2022https://www.gentlemanstationer.com/blog/2022/2/26/notebook-review
18Recreating the Cortex Theme Journal in Emacs Org ModeMark's Project Blog, 2024https://blog.fixermark.com/posts/2024/recreating-the-cortex-theme-journal-in-emacs-org-mode/
19New Year's resolutions: A large scale randomized controlled trialOscarsson et al., PLOS ONE, 2020https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0234097
20Europe PMC records: Emmons & McCullough 2003; Locke & Latham 2002; Harkin et al. 2016Europe PMChttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=EXT_ID:26479070%20OR%20EXT_ID:12585811%20OR%20EXT_ID:12237980&format=json
21How are habits formed (Lally et al.), metadataCrossrefhttps://api.crossref.org/works/10.1002/ejsp.674
22Implementation Intentions and Goal Achievement (Gollwitzer & Sheeran), metadataCrossrefhttps://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0065-2601(06)38002-1
23Writing About Emotional Experiences as a Therapeutic Process (Pennebaker), metadataCrossrefhttps://api.crossref.org/works/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00403.x

Not used: Grokipedia (never). Not reachable when checked: cortexbrand.com (503), the Original Content Books review (page loaded without the article), Reddit (blocked).